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CFD With Analytical Modeling Gives ATS Edge

Posted on April 25, 2018 by | 3 comments

In January, Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. (ATS) and engineering simulation software leader Future Facilities announced that ATS had purchased multiple seats of 6SigmaET, an electronics thermal simulation software, adding to its CFD (computational fluid dynamics) capabilities.

CFD

ATS engineers are now using 6SigmaET to perform CFD on electronics cooling applications to find optimized thermal solutions for customers. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

In a joint press release from the two companies, ATS founder and CEO Dr. Kaveh Azar said, “We have decades of experience with a broad base of commercially available CFD tools. For the electronics thermal management analyses, 6SigmaET showed excellent agreement with our empirical and analytical modelling.

He added, “We were equally impressed with its ease of use and a short learning curve. Our engineering team was able to apply the tool to different levels of simulation extending from component to system level modelling. The speed of convergence and ease of use of 6SigmaET, have made it the first CFD software to use.”

6SigmaET becomes the lead thermal simulation software for ATS engineers dealing with standard electronics cooling challenges. ATS engineers will be able to quickly and efficiently simulate junction and ambient temperatures across boards and components or define airflow to find fan operating points or get a better understanding of pressure drop in a system.

Dr. Azar continued, “We always want to be working with the best breed of tools to deliver the innovative, high-quality and cost-effective thermal management and packaging solutions our customers expect. As a result, this addition is good news for our customers. The rich features of the 6SigmaET thermal simulation package not only enable us to do more when it comes to simulation, but also allows us to further deliver the solution to our clients in a shorter time interval. It is my highest compliment to 6SigmaET development team for putting together such a robust and effective software.”

Adding 6SigmaET to ATS CFD capabilities, which also includes FloTHERM from Mentor and Autodesk CFD (formerly CFdesign), enables engineers to save customers time in the design phase and makes it easier for ATS engineers to devise optimal thermal solutions.

ATS engineer Anatoly Pikovsky said, “Visual is definitely a great thing to have. If you look at this temperature map, for instance, you can look at the defined map and say right away, okay I have a very high temperature right in the middle.”

Pikovsky, who was working on Autodesk CFD to design a customized cold plate for a customer, demonstrated how the software allows for him to analyze the pattern of fluid flow through complex geometries that were imported from SolidWorks drawings. He used the software to show hot spots and fluid velocity and how small changes, such as the number of fins within the cold plate, could alter the results.

Field Application Engineer Vineet Barot explained that he used 6SigmaET on a board in which there was pressure drop coming from vents at the end of the board. In simulations, he was able to add fins to the heat sink without altering the fan operating point and quickly provide a thermal solution that was presented to a customer. He said, “If you had a standard 1-U chassis you can build it from scratch and run it in half an hour.”

While CFD continues to evolve to handle more complex problems, while also becoming easier to use for engineers, simulations are only part of the solution.

ATS engineers also perform analytical modeling, literally putting pen to paper with basic thermodynamic equations, to define the problem and provide a reference point for simulations. Coupling analytical and computer modeling is what sets ATS apart from its competitors because it ensures that thermal solutions provided by CFD are correct.

“CFD will give you a solution, whether it’s right or wrong, it will give you a solution,” Pikovsky said. “That’s the way it’s designed. Analytical coupled with CFD gives you a good reference point to know whether you’re in the ballpark.”

Analytical modeling also speeds up the process of finding an optimized solution. Rather than spending days or weeks plugging in different fin numbers and heights or trying numerous heat sink geometries, ATS engineers can define a small range of iterations, limiting the variables for CFD, to avoid countless simulations, each of which could take hours to run.

Pikovsky said, “Maybe you’ve designed a heat sink for certain airflow and you want to determine the number of fins. You can do it with CFD, but you start varying fins and it’s going to take you days. Analytical is great because you can determine the optimal number of fins and start CFD with that.”

CFD is a critical component of ATS thermal consulting and design services. 6SigmaET has quickly been adopted by ATS engineers as the lead software and been used in the design of thermal solutions for a number of customers in the past few months.

But, it is the combination of CFD with ATS engineers’ emphasis on analytical modeling that has made ATS a leader in the thermal management of electronics.

For more information about Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. (ATS) thermal management consulting and design services, visit https://www.qats.com/consulting or contact ATS at 781.769.2800 or ats-hq@qats.com.

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Posted in CFD, Consulting, Modeling, Simulation

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How Did Thermal Performance of Aluminum Heat Sink Compare to Copper?

Posted on February 2, 2017 by | 4 comments

Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. (ATS) was recently tasked with creating a more cost-effective and lighter solution for a customer that was looking to replace a relatively large heat sink, which was dissipating the heat from four components on a printed circuit board (PCB). The customer did not want a skived heat sink, so ATS engineers created a custom aluminum heat sink embedded with copper heat pipes to draw the heat away from the components.

ATS engineers worked on a comparison of a copper heat sink with an aluminum heat sink that had embedded heat pipes running above the components. Analysis showed that the aluminum heat sink nearly matched the thermal performance of the copper and was within the margin required by the client. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

ATS engineers used analytical modeling and CFD simulations to examine the thermal performance of two aluminum heat sink designs: one with heat pipes that stopped at the edge of the components and the other with heat pipes that ran above the components. Analysis demonstrated that the design with heat pipes running above the components kept junction temperatures within 2°C of the original copper heat sink and an average difference of less than 1°C.

Peter Konstatilakis, a Field Application Engineer at ATS who worked with the client on this analysis, sat down with Marketing Communications Specialist Josh Perry to discuss the technical details behind the thermal analysis and the results that were presented to the customer.

JP: Thanks for taking the time to talk about this project Peter. What was it that they approached you with? What was the problem or the challenge?
PK: There was a long lead time with sourcing this copper; it’s a relatively large and heavy part.  This size bar of copper isn’t typically stocked. So, we were having sourcing issues with this non-standard copper stock and they were having weight and cost issues. They had to cut this heat sink in half for testing because they were overweight on the board. Through shock and vibe testing, if the heat sink is too heavy then it can actually rip out of the board.

An alternative was to make the heat sink through a manufacturing process called skiving. Skived heat sinks have a fin count tolerance, so you may have more fins than are specified or you might have less fins, and some of the fins may be curved, which poses cosmetic issues with skived heat sinks; the fins aren’t perfectly straight. It’s not really an issue thermally, especially if companies don’t see the heat sinks too often, but this client’s customers see the boards, see the heat sinks, and they wanted them to look perfect.

Instead of having to get this copper, we thought, why don’t we make an aluminum heat sink with heat pipes? That’s sort of where this came from.

JP: So the problem with skiving a heat sink was mostly an issue with aesthetics?
PK: Yeah, exactly. The tolerance on the fin spacing was +/- three fins, due to the high number of fins. I did a quick analytical analysis with our heat sink calculation tool and the difference in thermal resistance was maybe 1%. That was because the heat sink has such a large surface area and losing a fin or two only changes the performance by a percent or less. On a smaller heat sink, you will see a greater difference. I told the customer but they said that they still didn’t want to go with skived for aesthetic reasons. Instead, we extruded aluminum and then we put heat pipes in the base.

JP: Why was it necessary to add heat pipes to the heat sink?
PK: The big thing, in this case, is the spreading. You can see the locations of the components and then how large the heat sink is. There’s definitely a lot of spreading resistance in the base because there’s so much distance between the heat sink and all the components, so that’s the main issue that we were trying to take care of with the heat pipes. An aluminum heat sink with heat pipes is definitely a lot lighter than a copper heat sink, about three times lighter. Overall it’s much easier to source and also much cheaper. I think it’s again about three times as much for copper.

JP: When this challenge came across your desk, what was the first thing that you looked at? How did you approach the challenge?
PK: What I did was look at our analytical tool again and I modeled this heat sink in all copper. Since there are four components it’s a little complicated, but I modeled them as one component in the middle of the heat sink with gap pad and everything and got the performance of that heat sink. Once I did that, I ran CFD simulations on the copper heat sink with the components placed as they are in the application and the performance values were within 15%. So, doing that, we knew that we had a good CFD model.

After running the baseline simulations on the copper, I moved onto the aluminum heat sink knowing that we had a good CFD model and that we could trust the results. I used the aluminum heat sink and put heat pipes in the base. I started with heat pipes out in front of the components and then the next simulation was with heat pipes above the components. Obviously, if the heat pipes are above the component then you’ll get a little better spreading resistance and the heat will flow better.

Aluminum Heat Sinks

The first of two aluminum heat sink designs had heat pipes that stopped at the components. This design was not as effective as when the heat pipes ran above the components. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

JP: How significant of a difference was it?
PK: From the base line of the copper heat sink, it was around a 1-2°C difference, on average.

After looking at these two simulations, I met with Dr. Kaveh Azar (founder, CEO and President of ATS) to discuss the results. With the heat pipes above the components, we were seeing an average difference of less than 1%. It performs worse by less than 1% and I’m currently doing a couple of other simulations to see if we can improve that by adding more heat pipes, making the heat pipes wider, or even running less conservative heat pipes since the conductivity I’m running with is 2000 W/m-K axially and 400 W/m-K through the cross section. Really, the axial conductivity should be around 20,000-50,000 W/m-K, and the copper wall and wick effective conductivity is around 100-200 W/m-K due to the low conductivity of the porous copper sintered wick. The conservative values I used were to get the simulation up and running, while I’ll end up analytically determining the respective heat pipe conductivity.

I’m also doing an all-aluminum simulation just so we can see what that looks like and so we can see how much better the copper heat sink is in general.

This turned into just looking at the heat sink and trying to put heat pipes in them to seeing if we could also vary the length and see if we could get better performance. Your pressure drop increases as the length increases, so the higher the pressure drop then the lower the air flow is going to be in the system, the lower the airflow then the lower the performance. There is sweet spot for the length. I’m looking at that with our analytical calculator. And then the base thickness as well, we’re looking at that too.

Aluminum Heat Sinks

The results of the CFD analysis showed that the average temperature difference between the copper and the second aluminum heat sink design was less than one degree. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

JP: With the aluminum heat sink within 1% of the copper, did that make switching from copper worth it for the customer?
PK: It definitely did. If you’re within 1% and the customer has a little margin already, then it’s worth it because it’s three times lower cost, lower weight, and it will look better because it’s extruded rather than skived.

JP: Just to clarify, what is the difference between skiving and extruding?
PK: Extruding, basically, is pushing a hot piece of metal through a die that is in the shape of a heat sink, so it’s like putting play-doh through a die. You get a heat sink with the fin pitch and everything, where skiving uses a copper block and they come in with a blade and peel the fin out. The blade comes in and pushes a layer up. You can skive aluminum as well and they’re about the same cost, but you can’t extrude copper for a heat sink.

This showed our thermal capability to the customer. It showed that we can design custom heat sinks. We can make them more cost-effective, better performing, whatever they need.

JP: When you’re working through these types of challenges, how much of it becomes a foundation of knowledge that you can then take to another customer’s project?
PK: The more experience that you have, the better. Like any field, the more experience you have then you can look at something and know right off the bat if it’s going to work or not. It also helps in terms of understanding how to model certain applications and where to start with the design.

JP: Did we run these simulations here or did we have (ATS engineer) Sridevi Iyengar run the simulations in India?
PK: We did it here. Sri does a lot, but she uses FloTHERM and I’m quicker with Autodesk CFDesign. FloTHERM can be used for bigger systems because it takes less of a mesh. Generally, FloTHERM only works in rectangular coordinates, where CFDesign works with tetrahedrons, allowing the simulation of angled objects. Since it works with tetrahedrons though, it takes longer to mesh and run than FloTHERM. You can’t really have anything angled in FloTHERM and obtain accurate results. We ended up having to angle the heat pipes in order to contact the components, which are in a different plane than the rest of the heat sink.

JP: I know it is a priority at ATS, but why was it important to have an analytical component, not just CFD, in finding a solution?
PK: Analytical modeling is used to ensure that the CFD results make sense. When you see the graphs from CFD, it looks appealing to the eye and you get drawn to it. It’s science and engineering that is made visible, whereas heat transfer and fluid dynamics (for air) are invisible to the naked eye. Another method of ‘seeing’ heat transfer is using an infrared thermal camera or liquid crystal thermography, while a water tunnel or inducing smoke into the flow can be used to see fluid flow. The analytical also gives us a good first judgement and solid design direction.

Optimization for the length of the heat sink and the base thickness, I did with our analytical tool. CFD simulations take a lot of time, so I can narrow down the number of designs and determine what we want to simulate. Rather than doing 10 different simulations, when each takes on average three or four hours, I can get instant results and say, okay, a 5 mm base is the sweet spot, so let me try in CFD 4 mm thickness, 5 mm, and 6 mm; narrowing it down to three simulations.

Analytical modeling gives us quick what-if scenarios, which we say a lot, and it definitely helps give you an understanding of what to expect. If the numbers are way off then I know something is wrong in the CFD model and I check to see if my mesh and other parameters are correct. It humbles you almost and it helps you understand the application and what you’re simulating. The last thing you want to do is give a customer incorrect data.

It gives you two independent solutions. We say analytically this solution is validated, so we have faith in the model. Now, here is the model and it shows better what we want to do.

To learn more about Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc., visit www.qats.com or contact ATS at 781.769.2800 or ats-hq@qats.com.

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Posted in Analysis, CFD, Consulting, heat sink design, Thermal Analysis

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Discussion of Thermal Solution for Stratix 10 FPGA

Posted on October 28, 2016 by | Leave a comment

An Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. (ATS) client was planning on upgrading an existing board by adding Altera’s high-powered Stratix 10 FPGAs, with estimates of as many as 90 watts of power being dissipated by two of the components and 40 watts from a third. The client was using ATS heat sinks on the original iteration of the board and wanted ATS to test whether or not the same heat sinks would work with higher power demands.

In the end, the original heat sinks proved to be effective and lowered the case temperature below the required maximum. Through a combination of analytical modeling and CFD simulations, ATS was able to demonstrate that the heat sinks would be able to cool the new, more powerful components.

ATS Field Application Engineer Vineet Barot recently spoke with Marketing Director John O’Day and Marketing Communications Specialist Josh Perry about the process he undertook to meet the requirements of the client and to test the heat sinks under these new conditions.

JP: Thanks again for sitting down with us to talk about the project Vineet. What was the challenge that this client presented to us?
VB: They had a previous-generation PCB on which they were using ATS heat sinks, ATS 1634-C2-R1, and they wanted to know if they switched to the next-gen design with three Altera Stratix 10 FPGAs, two of them being relatively high-powered, could they still use the same heat sinks?

Stratix 10 FPGA

The board that was given to ATS engineers to determine whether the original ATS heat sinks would be effective with new, high-powered Stratix 10 FPGA from Altera. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

They don’t even know what the power of the FPGAs is exactly, but they gave us these parameters: 40°C ambient with the junction temperatures to be no more than 100°C. Even though the initial package is capable of going higher, they wanted this limit. That translates to a 90°C case temperature. You have the silicon chip, the actual component with the gates and everything, and you have a package that puts all that together and there’s typically a thermal path that it follows to the lid that has either metal or plastic. So, there’s some amount of temperature lost from the junction to the case.

The resistance is constant so you know for any given power what the max will be. The power that they wanted for FPGAs 1 and 2, which are down at the bottom, was 90 watts, again this is an estimate, and the third one was 40 watts.

JP: How did you get started working towards a solution?
VB: Immediately we tried to identify the worst-case scenario. Overall the board lay-out is pretty well done because you have nice, linear flow. The fans are relatively powerful, lots of good flow going through there. It’s a well-designed board and they wanted to know what we could do with it.

I said, let’s start with the heat sinks that you’re already using, which are the 1634s, and then go from there. Here are the fan specs. They wanted to use the most powerful fan here in this top curve here. This is flow rate versus pressure. The more pressure you have in front of a fan, the slower it can pump out the air and this is the curve that determines that.

Stratix 10 FPGA

Fan operating points on the board, determined by CFD simulations. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

This little area here is sometime called the knee of the fan curve. Let’s say we’re in this area, the flow rate and pressure is relatively linear, so if I increase my pressure, if I put my hand in front of the fan, the flow rate goes down. If I have no pressure, I have my maximum flow rate. If I increase my pressure then the flow rate goes down. What happens in this part, the same thing. In the knee, a slight increase in pressure, so from .59 to .63, reduces the flow rate quite a bit.

Stratix 10 FPGA

CFD simulations showed that the fans were operating in the “knee” where it is hard to judge the impact of pressure changes on flow rate and vice versa. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

So, for a 0.1 difference in flow rate (in cubic meters per second) it took 0.4 inches of water pressure difference, whereas here for a 0.1 difference in flow rate it only took a .04 increase in pressure. That’s why there’s a circle there. It’s a danger area because if you’re in that range it gets harder to predict what the flow will be because any pressure-change, any dust build-up, any change in estimated open area might change your flow rate.

The 1634 is what they were using previously. It’s a copper heat pipe, straight-fin, mounted with a hardware kit and a backing plate that they have. It’s a custom heat sink that we made for them and actually the next –gen, C2-R1, we also made for them for the previous-gen of their board, they originally wanted us to add heat pipes to this copper heat sink, but I took the latest version and said, let’s see what this one will do. For the third heat sink, I went and did some analytical modeling to see what kind of requirement would be needed and I chose one of our off-the-shelf pushPIN™ heat sinks to work because it was 40 watts.

JO: Is the push pin heat sink down flow from the 1634, so it’s getting preheated air?
VB: Yes. This is a pull system, so the air is going out towards the fans.

Stratix 10 FPGA

CFD simulations done with FloTherm, which uses a recto-linear grid. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

This is the CFD modeling that ATS thermal engineer Sridevi Iyengar did in FloTherm. This is a big board. There are a lot of different nodes, a lot of different cells and FloTherm uses recto-linear grids to avoid waviness. You can change the shape of the lines depending on where you need to be. Sri’s also really good at modeling. She was able to turn it around in a day.

Stratix 10 FPGA

Flow vectors at the cut plane, as determined by CFD simulations. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

These are the different fans and she pointed out what the different fan operating curves. Within this curve, she’s able to point out where the different fans are and she’s pointing out that fan 5 is operating around the knee. If you look at all the different fans they all operate around this are, which is not the best area to operate around. You want to operate down here so that you have a lot of flow. If you look at the case temperatures, remember the max was 90°C, we’re at 75°C. We’re 15°C below, 15° margin of error. This was a push pin heat sink on this one up here and 1634s on the high-powered FPGAs down here.

Stratix 10 FPGA

JP: Was there more analysis that you did before deciding the original heat sinks were the solution?
VB: I calculated analytical models using the flow and the fan operating curves from CFD because it’s relatively hard to predict what the flow is going to be. Using that flow and doing a thermal analysis using HSM (heat sink modeling tool), we were within five percent. What Sri simulated with FloTherm was if a copper heat sink with the heat pipe was working super well, let’s try copper without the heat pipe and you can see the temperature increased from 74° to 76°C here, still way under the case temperature. Aluminum with the heat pipe was 77°; aluminum without the heat pipe was 81°, so you’re still under.

Basically there were enough margins for error, so you could go to smaller fans because there’s some concern about operating in the knee region, or you can downgrade the heat sink if the customer wanted. We presented this and they were very happy with the results. They weren’t super worried about operating in the knee region because there’s going to be some other things that might shift the curve a little bit and they didn’t want to downgrade the heat sink because of the power being dissipated.

Stratix 10 FPGA

Final case temperatures determined by CFD simulations and backed up by analytical modeling. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

JO: What were some of the challenges in this design work that surprised you?
VB: The biggest challenges were translating their board into a board that’s workable for CFD. It’s tricky to simplify it without really removing all of the details. We had to decide what are the details that are important that we need to simulate. The single board computer and power supply, this relatively complex looking piece here with the heat sink, and we simplified that into one dummy heat sink to sort of see if it’s going to get too hot. It all comes with it, so we didn’t have to work on it.

The power supply is even harder, so I didn’t put it in there because I didn’t know what power it would be, didn’t know how hot it would be. I put a dummy component in there to make sure it doesn’t affect the air flow too much but that it does have some effect so you can see the pressure drop from it but thermally it’s not going to affect anything.

JO: It really shows that we know how to cool Stratix FPGAs from Altera, we have clear solutions for that both custom and off-the-shelf and that we understand how to model them in two different ways. We can model them with CFD and analytical modeling. We have pretty much a full complement of capabilities when dealing with this technology.

JP: Are there times when we want to create a TLB (thermal load board) or prototype and test this in a wind tunnel or in our lab?
VB: For the most part, customers will do that part themselves. They have the capability, they have the rack and if it’s a thing where they have the fans built into the rack then they can just test it. On a single individual heat sink basis, it’s not necessary because CFD and analytical modeling are so established. You want two independent solutions to make sure you’re in the right ballpark but it’s not something you’re too concerned that the result will be too far off of the theoretical. For another client, for example, we had to make load boards, but even then they did all the testing.

To learn more about Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. consulting services, visit https://www.qats.com/consulting or contact ATS at 781.769.2800 or ats-hq@qats.com.

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Posted in Analysis, CFD, Chassis, Consulting, Heat Sinks, Modeling, PCB, Simulation, Thermal Analysis

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Q&A: ATS Thermal Engineer Sridevi Iyengar

Posted on October 21, 2016 by | 10 comments

Sridevi Iyengar

ATS thermal and field application engineer Sridevi Iyengar does CFD modeling (like the one shown above) and on-site consulting for ATS from her location near Bangalore, India. (Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.)

Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. field application and thermal engineer Sridevi Iyengar recently spoke with Marketing Communications Specialist Josh Perry about her career in engineering and the work that she does for ATS. Iyengar works near her home in Bangalore, India and provides ATS with CFD simulations and on-site support for customers in the region.

In this Q&A, Iyengar speaks about why she became an engineer in the first place, how she came to work at ATS, the type of projects that she works on, the challenges that she faces as a woman in a male-dominated industry, and what it is like working halfway around the world from the engineers at ATS’ Norwood, Mass. campus.

JP: How did you get interested in engineering? How did it all start for you?
SI: I was a good student in high school and in college and my father is a metallurgical engineer. He was a professor in one of the premier institutes in India, the Indian Institute of Science. When we were at the crossroad, during 12th grade, honestly the bright students either went into medicine or engineering and since my math skills were pretty good and I’d been to the Indian Institute of Science a couple of times I had written the entrance examinations for both streams. For engineering, I got into a very good school.

Although I didn’t know about the different disciplines of engineering, I happened to go into chemical engineering because that’s what my rank got me into. I liked it because chemical is kind of a fusion between math and physical phenomena and so that’s where my engineering journey started.

After my Bachelor’s, I wanted to do higher studies. I got married and came to the United States and I wanted to continue in my field of study. I didn’t want to move into software like pretty much everybody else from India when they move to the U.S. I wanted to keep myself different and I had a lot of support for that from my family. The first place I set up home is Norwood, Mass. (in 1993). I was preparing for my GRE and contemplating whether I should take my AGRE but I got positive responses from a couple of schools that I was also keen on getting into. I had options. One was the University of Massachusetts – Lowell, one was Rutgers University and the University of California – San Diego. I chose San Diego.

I was actually accepted into the doctoral program, however at UC-San Diego I liked the fluid mechanics and heat transfer program but then I didn’t want to jump into a Ph. D. without really having real world experience. I wanted to finish my Master’s, work for a few years and then maybe come back if I was interested. Much to my disappointment of my dad, I dropped out of the doctorate program with my Master’s and entered the job scene.

My entry into thermal engineering was kind of by chance. My first job was with Structural Dynamics Research Corporation (SDRC) in San Diego. It was the advanced test and analysis group. I had a background in heat transfer and fluid mechanics and therefore I joined as an intern and they made me do a little bit of this and that. The software associated with the IDEAS master series for electronics cooling was MAYA-ESC electro-systems cooling and TMG (thermal model generator) and we did a project for Cisco Systems in the Bay Area. I worked for about a year and half at ATA-SDRC. SDRC was doing a lot of projects for defense and their core area was becoming more and more defense and I was not a U.S. citizen so it was very difficult for them to assign me to projects because I didn’t have security clearance. At that time I jumped ship and I joined Cisco Systems as a mechanical engineer.

JP: How did you hear about Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.? How did you end up working here?
SI: ATS, the company, I knew even when I was at Cisco back in 1999. I was with Cisco until 2005 and at that time I knew about Advanced Thermal Solutions because as a mechanical engineer my job was also to source heat sinks. Also, that it was based in Norwood kind of struck a chord and it remained in my mind. I had known a lot about [ATS CEO, President and founder] Dr. Kaveh Azar because a close colleague of mine had worked closely with Kaveh. And of course Qpedia Thermal eMagazine was/is a very useful online journal.

How I joined ATS was a very, very chance meeting. We moved back to India in 2009 and I was working for an aluminum extrusion company in their thermal management division. It’s a Swedish company called Sapa. Sapa opened an office in India and it was just the sales manager and myself in the Indian team when I started. I worked with Sapa for three years and I was working for their global application team, half working for Sweden and half trying to set up the market in India. At Sapa I did a little bit more than thermal management. Sapa acquired an extrusion facility and also had a machining/anodizing unit. I was exposed to various aspects of manufacturing with regards to aluminium extrusions, fabrication etc., and worked on several other projects, which needed someone who could work with the customers and the manufacturing team at Sapa – sort of like a liaison and the engineering hand of the sales person.

When I quit Sapa, I thought I would go freelance doing electronics cooling consulting and I met one of the sales channel partners for ATS and with him I went and met Dr. Kaveh and Shashwat Shashwat (ATS Product Realization Manager), who were visiting India. This was in May of 2014 and initially it was just supposed to be a ‘hello, how are you’ meeting, but then we started talking and having common professional contacts and interests made it a very interesting interaction. We had lunch and when I came back home that evening Shashwat called me and asked if I was interested in working for ATS. I had no doubts whether I would take this opportunity; I took it with both hands. It’s worked out very well for me so far.

JP: What kinds of projects are you working on for ATS?
SI: There were two things for me, the mandate. One was that we wanted to beef up our presence in India. We already had a sales presence and we were selling heat sinks through Digi-Key and if the engineers know what they want then it’s not a big deal, but it helps them so much to know that there is technical staff from ATS present in India and in Bangalore in the southern region. They call and they say, ‘We’re looking at this heat sink, do you think it’s okay?’ Otherwise they send an email and then they wait for Norwood to reply. So, my role was to support the local sales partners that we have. They do the initial sales call and everything, but then if there’s anything technical they can say, ‘You know, ATS has a presence here? We have this engineer who is in electronic cooling and she has experience.’ I’ve gone to several meetings with them.

Secondly, for the U.S. customers, when it comes to CFD simulations like FloTherm then I work very closely with Norwood. In fact, I’ve done quite a few projects with [ATS field application engineers] Greg Wong or Peter [Konstalilakis], Vineet [Barot] too. A lot of times there are CFD simulations, they face the customers, they get the answers and I run the simulation and build the models here, do the analysis, we discuss the results and they send it to the customer.

JP: Is there a lot of collaboration between yourself and the engineers here in Norwood?
SI: Almost daily. I am online pretty much every day from 6 and on Wednesdays and Fridays we have the team meeting. On other days, I usually chat up with my counterpart on the project and, if it’s a major project, then the discussion is fairly involved. A lot of times, I’ll have a lot of questions so I’ll contact my teammates during my evening and he’ll take it up with the customer, get all the questions answered and by the time morning rolls around everything is sent to me by email and I get through my day. There is a lot of collaboration.

JP: Looking at thermal engineering as a whole, where do you see the industry going?
SI: People realize the importance of up-front thermal design and these folks who are dealing with high-powered components are aware of the importance of up-front thermal design. However there are still a lot of projects in which the hardware engineers are still not zoned into thinking of up-front thermal management, it’s coming in as kind of a ‘Oh it’s too hot, let’s do something about it’ approach. However, I think that mindset is changing a lot and I think the next-gen heat sinks like vapor chambers, heat pipes, and nano-materials will really start making their appearance more and more in thermal solutions because we’re getting to a point where the run of the mill is not cutting it.

JP: Do you see that change coming fairly quickly? In this industry, it seems like things change every day.
SI: The mindset should change because there’s always an aversion towards liquid and PCB. The more we educate people and the fact that we see everything in liquid cooling systems working…It takes some time for them to know that, okay it is a fairly fail-safe method. It will take at least a year or two and it should be running at that time and then people will catch on. It’s not something that can be easily brought on, I think, because generally we know that liquids and electronic components don’t mix. To assure them that it will not mix and there’s no chance of it coming into contact, I think that’s the stumbling block.

It’s market education and also having systems out there functioning, so that we can show them it’s not just theoretical. You have systems in practice and I think that makes a difference. If we can show it in theory, it doesn’t help as much because in theory everything looks wonderful, so we need to show them in practice and all the possible problems that can come up have been addressed and it is working in the field not just in the test lab.

JP: As a woman in a predominantly male-dominated industry, has it been difficult at all?
SI: In India, even back in 1993, we had a lot of engineers who were graduating but a lot of them didn’t stay back in what I call hardcore engineering. People used to go into information technology because they thought somehow it was more suitable for the women in the workforce situation. But I personally, I’ve had a fulfilling time and it is good to distinguish yourself and be different. The work that we do at ATS is hardcore engineering and we have engineers to lead us. We have Dr. Kaveh Azar and Dr. Bahman Tavassoli who have years of engineering experience and yeah sometimes they come down hard on us but that’s because they know what they’re doing. They’ve been there, done that, and they want to extract the best out of you and they want you to think like an engineer always. That’s what is unique of working at ATS.

JP: Do you hope to inspire other women to not only join the field, but stick with the ‘hardcore’ engineering?
SI: Yeah, absolutely. There have been young women who have reached out to me, young engineers who graduated in India, and I tell them have patience and learn the skills needed to get a job. It’s very easy to learn a few programming languages and jump into IT, especially in India right now, but you’re going to be just like anybody else. If your heart really lies in engineering, you should stick on, network, upgrade your skills and you’ll definitely find a job. The first job is everything you need and after that, if you do well there, then the path is smooth.

JP: How has it been for you as a ‘distant worker’ in terms of not being located here in Norwood? We have a lot of great technology like Skype and GoToMeeting, how have you found it being a ‘distant worker’?
SI: Since I interact with the engineers on an almost daily basis it is not that different. ATS engineers and the customers are very understanding of the time difference and accommodate the meetings, if any, so that it is not totally at unearthly hours for me. I also have the freedom to have my own schedule and that is very helpful since I am a working mother. I’ve been to ATS once and so I have met most of the team there.

The only thing is that I don’t have that touch and feel. Sometimes the ATS engineers have the heat sinks/components on their desk and they’re looking at it. A lot of times they will look at it, turn it around and these are things that I will have to accomplish through video call on Skype or the engineers take pictures and send them to me. But it’s not the same. That’s the only drawback. And of course when you folks have your team lunches/picnics … I feel left out.

JP: From our conversation, it sounds like you really like challenging projects?
SI: I think we all like to be challenged once in a while. With involved models, one of the challenges was I’d have to remotely log in and run the model in the 12-core PC and ensure nobody is logged in and I used to run it through the night and post-process it via remote connection. I’d transfer the results over and make the PowerPoint. However I was given a super fast simulation computer locally so all I need is a VPN connection. Even if the VPN connection goes down, FloTherm will not cut off the simulation and it runs through the solve.

Every now and then I support local customers with their heat sink selection requests. Some local customers have asked for training sessions as well, which is something I would like to start fairly soon.

To learn more about Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc., visit www.qats.com or contact ATS at 781.769.2800 or ats-hq@qats.com.

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New Consulting Project Subscription Plan

Posted on March 21, 2013 by | Leave a comment

ATS has released a Consulting Project Subscription Plan (CPSP) for engineering services. From our corporate headquarters in Norwood, Massachusetts,we offers comprehensive thermal management analysis and design services for the telecommunications, medical, military, defense, aerospace, automotive, and embedded computing industries. The new plan allows ATS engineers to become an extension of your team for a pre-determined amount of hours, providing expert thermal and mechanical engineering consultation, design, simulation, testing and validation.

ATS Design Services

Services include Design, Simulation, Testing, Analysis & Prototyping

The CPSP includes the use of ATS thermal lab facilities and covers all projects approved by an authorized representative of subscribed customers. ATS thermal management analysis and design services encompass both experimental and computational simulations using proprietary tools and computational fluid dynamics software packages such as FLOTHERM and CFdesign.

Thermal Testing & Analysis

Thermal Testing & Analysis

The new subscription plan gives customers priority access to ATS engineering and manufacturing resources for all chip, board, enclosure, and system related projects. ATS studies the full packaging domain, including components, circuit boards (PCBs), shelves, chassis, and system packaging.

Consulting capabilities include:

– heat sink, board and fan characterization

– heat sink design and optimization

– PCB & fan tray design and optimization

– liquid cooling design

– prototyping of heat sinks and complete cooling systems

– wind tunnel testing of components, PCBs, chassis and enclosures

ATS offers rapid prototyping of machined parts and cooling systems from its US facilities. Sheet metal fabrication and cut heat sink prototypes are quickly provided from international partners.

Liquid Crystal Thermography

Liquid Crystal Thermography

ATS believes that customers who wish to remain competitive should consider a design-to-suit opportunity solution first. Contrary to common perception, this proves to be less expensive to the customer in the long run, because of the ensuing gain in product efficiency and compatibility. Working side-by-side with customers worldwide, ATS engineers provide tailored solutions to thermal and mechanical packaging challenges on real projects with real schedules.

To learn more about the consulting project subscription plan, call 781-769-2800, email ats-hq@qats.com, or visit www.qats.com.

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